桌子、金驴和口袋里的棍子
导读
《桌子、金驴和口袋里的棍子》是格林童话里最脍炙人口的'魔法赠礼'故事之一（民俗学分类 ATU 563），在欧洲、中东乃至亚洲都有各种版本，连《一千零一夜》里也有它的近亲。故事里三件宝物各有妙用：一张说声'小桌子，盖好饭菜'就自动摆满佳肴的桌子，一头喊一声'布瑞克勒布里特'就吐金币的驴，还有一根喊'棍子，出口袋'就跳出来痛打坏人的棍子。有意思的是，前两件宝物只会'给予'——好吃好喝、有金有银，正因如此，它们轻易就被贪心的店主偷走了；直到第三件会'保护'自己的棍子出场，才把失去的一切夺了回来。这里其实藏着一个朴素的道理：一味的慷慨若没有守护的能力，果实很容易被人窃取。故事在德语世界影响极大，那句'Tischlein deck dich'（小桌子，摆好饭菜）早已成了家喻户晓的俗语。它其实还是把好几个母题拼在一起的：开头那只满口谎言、害三兄弟被父亲冤枉赶走的山羊，以及结尾山羊躲进狐狸洞、把狐狸和熊吓得魂飞魄散、最后被一只小蜜蜂治服的滑稽片段，都是独立的小故事。读的时候，可以和孩子聊一聊：父亲为什么会错怪三个儿子？如果他当初多问一句、多想一层，结果会不会不一样？
《桌子、金驴和口袋里的棍子》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇，附中英释义与原文例句，帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Grassy land where farm animals are put out to feed.
牧场；草地（供牲畜吃草的地方）。
She was obliged to have good food, and to be taken every day to pasture.
所以它必须吃得很好，每天都要带去放牧。
Placed with a skilled worker to learn a trade over time.
当学徒；拜师学艺。
The eldest had apprenticed himself to a joiner, and learnt industriously and indefatigably.
大儿子拜一位木匠为师，勤学不倦。
Touched or stroked gently and lovingly.
爱抚；轻抚。
Next morning he went down into the stable, caressed the goat and said, "Come, my dear little animal, I will take thee to feed myself."
第二天早晨他下到马厩，抚摸着山羊说：'来吧，我亲爱的小家伙，我亲自带你去吃草。'
Joking; saying something not meant seriously.
开玩笑；说笑；戏谑。
They laughed, and thought he was jesting with them.
他们哈哈大笑，以为他在跟他们开玩笑。
Got or obtained something, especially with some effort.
获得；弄到；置办。
Instantly it was covered with food, so good that the host could never have procured it.
桌子立刻摆满了佳肴，好得连店主都弄不来。
A bill, or the calculation of what is owed.
账单；结账；算账。
The host did not see why he should not double the reckoning, and said the apprentice must give two more gold pieces.
店主觉得没理由不把账翻一倍，就说学徒还得再付两枚金币。
In a modest or meek way, without pride.
谦卑地；低声下气地。
"Oh, no," cried the host, quite humbly, "I will gladly produce everything."
'哦，不，'店主低声下气地叫道，'我很乐意把东西都交出来。'
Extremely beautiful, fine, or delicious.
精致的；精美的；（食物）美味无比的。
It was spread and amply covered with the most exquisite dishes.
桌子立刻铺好，摆满了最精致的佳肴。
To look down on something; to think it is not worth much.
轻视；瞧不起；小看。
Extremely good things which I by no means despise -- but these are nothing in comparison with the treasure which I have won for myself.
都是些极好的东西，我绝不小看——但和我给自己赢来的宝贝相比，它们根本不算什么。
Laughed at someone in an unkind way; made fun of them.
嘲笑；讥讽；奚落。
The relations, however, mocked him, and were forced to go home without having eaten or drunk.
亲戚们却嘲笑他，只能饿着肚子回了家。
A short, thick stick used as a weapon.
短棍；棍棒（用作武器）。
His master presented him with a sack and said, "There is a cudgel in it."
师傅送给他一个口袋，说：'里面有一根棍子。'
'To one's heart's content' means as much as you want, until you are fully satisfied.
尽情地；心满意足地（to one's heart's content 尽兴、想要多少就多少）。
"There thou mayest for once eat to thy heart's content," said he to her.
'你就在这儿好好地饱餐一顿吧，'他对它说。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
慷慨与善意固然可贵，但也要有守护成果的能力；同时，不要只听一面之词就轻下判断，以免冤枉了最亲近的人。
教育价值
借三件宝物的对照，帮助孩子思考'给予'与'守护'的平衡；开头父亲冤枉儿子的情节，也是关于'兼听则明、勿轻信'的好教材。
家长共读提示
'布瑞克勒布里特''小桌子摆好饭菜''棍子出口袋'这些咒语孩子特别爱跟读，可以一起玩角色扮演；再聊一聊：父亲怎样才能避免错怪儿子？
和孩子聊一聊
- 三件宝物里，桌子和驴子都只会'给东西'，只有棍子能'保护'自己。你觉得为什么最后是棍子救回了一切？
- 父亲只听了山羊一面之词，就把三个儿子接连赶走。他到底错在了哪里？
- 贪心的店主一次次偷走别人的宝物。你觉得他最后被棍子痛打，是自找的吗？
- 如果你能得到其中一件宝物——自动上菜的桌子、吐金币的驴、会打人的棍子——你会选哪一个？为什么？
- 三兄弟出门学了三种手艺（木匠、磨坊工、车工）才得到宝物。这说明宝物是白得的，还是他们努力换来的？
