森林里的三个小矮人
导读
《森林里的三个小矮人》属于民俗学里最经典、也最广为流传的'善良与刻薄的女孩'故事类型（国际分类 ATU 480）。它的骨架你一定不陌生：两个女孩，一个善良、一个刻薄，先后遇到会考验人心的神奇角色；善良的女孩把面包分给小矮人、乖乖扫雪，得到'越来越美''开口吐金子''嫁给国王'的祝福；刻薄的女孩自私无礼，则被诅咒'越来越丑''开口吐癞蛤蟆''不得好死'。同样的结构，也出现在格林的《霍勒大妈》和法国佩罗的《仙女》（又名《钻石与癞蛤蟆》，1697 年）里——'开口吐金子／吐蛤蟆'正是这一类故事的招牌。故事后半段还接了另一个古老母题：善良的王后被继母扔进河里，化作鸭子夜夜回来给孩子喂奶，最后国王用剑挥舞三次才为她解除魔法。结尾的惩罚也很有意思：国王不点破真相，反问'把人拖下床扔进水里该受什么罚'，恶毒的继母亲口说出了残酷的刑罚——于是'自己给自己判了刑'。这种让坏人亲口宣判自己的写法，在《牧鹅姑娘》里也用过。读的时候，可以和孩子对照一下两个女孩：她们面对小矮人时，差别究竟在哪里？
《森林里的三个小矮人》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇，附中英释义与原文例句，帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
The bottom part of a shoe or foot.
鞋底；脚底。
Take this boot, it has a hole in the sole.
拿着这只靴子，鞋底上有个洞。
A room or space just under the roof of a house.
阁楼；顶楼。
Go up with it into the loft, hang it on the big nail and pour water in it.
把它拿到阁楼上去，挂在大钉子上，然后往里灌水。
Feeling unhappy because someone has something you want, or is better than you.
嫉妒的；妒忌的。
And she was jealous because her stepdaughter was pleasant and pretty, and her real daughter was ugly and hateful.
她还非常嫉妒，因为继女长得漂亮可爱，而她自己的女儿却又丑又令人讨厌。
An old-fashioned word for a dress.
连衣裙；女装（旧式说法）。
The woman made a frock out of paper, called her stepdaughter.
那女人用纸糊了一件衣裳，叫来继女。
To say that the opposite of what someone has said is true; to talk back.
反驳；顶嘴；与……相抵触。
"How dare you contradict me!" cried the stepmother.
'你敢跟我顶嘴！'继母吼道。
In a way that shows you do what you are told.
顺从地；听话地。
So the girl went obediently, put on the paper frock, and started out with the basket.
姑娘只好顺从地穿上纸衣裳，提着篮子出去了。
Too much pride in yourself and what you can do.
自负；自大；狂妄。
"Just look at her pride and conceit!" cried the stepsister.
'瞧她那副狂妄劲儿！'继妹喊道。
Being unwilling to give or allow someone something.
吝惜；舍不得给；对……心怀不满。
She is so unpleasant, and has such a wicked jealous heart, grudging everybody everything.
她是如此令人讨厌，心肠又坏又嫉妒，对谁都吝啬。
Feeling strong dislike for something unpleasant.
厌恶的；反感的；觉得恶心的。
A toad sprang out of her mouth at each word, so that every one who came near her was quite disgusted.
每说一个字就有一只癞蛤蟆从嘴里跳出来，结果把所有靠近她的人都恶心坏了。
To wash something in clean water to remove dirt or soap.
漂洗；用清水冲洗。
She was to go to the frozen river and break a hole in the ice, and there to rinse the yarn.
让她去结冰的河面上凿个洞，在里面清洗纱线。
Said in advance that something would happen; predicted.
预言；预告；预先说出。
When they reached his castle the wedding was celebrated with great splendour, as the little men in the wood had foretold.
到了城堡，他们举行了盛大的婚礼，正如森林里的三个小矮人预言的那样。
To wave something (such as a weapon) in the air in a bold way.
挥舞；舞动（尤指武器）。
Go and tell the King to brandish his sword three times over me on the threshold!
去告诉国王，让他拿剑在门槛上对着我挥舞三次！
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
善良、慷慨与懂礼貌会带来意想不到的回报；自私、刻薄与嫉妒，则终将反噬自身。
教育价值
通过善恶两个女孩的鲜明对照，帮助孩子体会分享、礼貌与善意的价值；也让孩子接触'善良与刻薄的女孩'这一跨文化的世界性故事类型。
家长共读提示
读的时候，把两个女孩在小屋里的表现一句句对照给孩子听；再聊一聊：'吐金子 / 吐蛤蟆'其实是在说，我们说出口的话会变成怎样的东西？
和孩子聊一聊
- 两个女孩都去了森林，遇到的是同样的小矮人。为什么一个得到祝福，一个却被诅咒？
- 善良的女孩把仅有的一小块面包也分给了小矮人。你觉得'愿意分享'为什么这么重要？
- 刻薄的女孩说'我自己还不够吃呢'。如果你也只有一点点吃的，会愿意分给别人吗？
- 故事让恶毒的继母亲口说出该受的惩罚。你觉得这样'自己判自己'的结局，比直接惩罚她更好吗？
- '开口吐金子'和'开口吐癞蛤蟆'——如果你说的每句话都会变成看得见的东西，你希望它们是什么？
