稻草、煤炭和豆子
导读
这是格林童话里最短、也最古老的故事之一(第 18 篇),属于一种特别的体裁——'由来故事'(也叫起源故事):它不讲惊险的冒险,而是用充满想象力的方式,解释'世上某样东西为什么会长成现在这样'。这个故事回答的问题是:豆子身上那条黑色的纹路,是怎么来的?有趣的是,这并非纯属虚构——很多豆子的表皮上,确实有一小块深色的'疤痕',那正是它当初连在豆荚上的地方(植物学上叫'种脐')。古人观察到这个细节,便编出了'裁缝用黑线把笑破肚皮的豆子缝好'这个可爱的解释。这类'为什么'的故事在世界各地都有(后来英国作家吉卜林的《原来如此的故事》也是同一路数)。故事虽短,却藏着一个小小的对照:性急冒失的煤炭掉进水里没了命,小心谨慎的豆子却活了下来——尽管它也差点笑破了肚皮。读给孩子听时,不妨让他找一颗真正的豆子看看:那条'黑线',真的在吗?
《稻草、煤炭和豆子》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇,附中英释义与原文例句,帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Giving out a soft, steady light and heat, without flames.
发出红光的;灼热发亮的(无火焰)。
Soon afterward a glowing coal jumped out of the fireplace and landed next to them.
紧接着,一块烧红的煤炭也从壁炉里跳了出来,落在它们旁边。
Chance or luck, especially good luck.
运气;命运(尤指好运)。
I jumped from the fireplace, to my good fortune.
我幸运地从壁炉里跳了出来。
Kindness shown to someone you have the power to hurt; pity.
仁慈;怜悯;宽恕。
If the old woman had gotten me into the pot I would have been cooked to mush without mercy, just like my comrades.
要是老妇人把我放进锅里,我肯定会像我的同伴们一样,被无情地煮成糊状。
Friends or companions, especially ones who share the same work or struggle.
同伴;伙伴;战友。
I think that we should join together as comrades.
我认为我们要像好伙伴一样团结在一起。
(Of something bad) happening to someone.
(不幸之事)降临;发生在(某人)身上。
To prevent some new misfortune from befalling us here, let us together make our way to another land.
为了防止再有不幸降临,让我们一起去别的地方吧。
A small stream.
小溪;小河。
They soon came to a small brook.
没过多久,它们来到一条小溪边。
Easily made angry or excited; acting without thinking.
性急的;急躁冲动的;不加思索的。
The coal, who was a hot-headed fellow, stepped brashly onto the newly constructed bridge.
煤炭性子急,冒冒失失地走上了这座新搭的桥。
Suddenly became frightened.
受惊;突然害怕起来。
When he got to the middle and heard the water rushing beneath him, he took fright, stopped, and did not dare to go any further.
可是当它走到中间,听见脚下水流湍急的声音时,它害怕了,停下脚步,不敢再往前走。
Made a sound like a long 's', as hot metal does when it touches water.
发出嘶嘶声。
The coal slid after him, hissed as he fell into the water, and gave up the ghost.
煤炭也跟着滑了下去,落进水里时发出'嘶'的一声,就此一命呜呼了。
In a careful way, so as to avoid danger or mistakes.
小心翼翼地;谨慎地。
The bean who had cautiously stayed behind on the bank had to laugh at the event.
一直小心翼翼留在岸上的豆子看到这一幕,忍不住大笑起来。
Feeling or showing sympathy and care for others.
有同情心的;富有怜悯之心的。
Having a compassionate heart, he got out a needle and thread and sewed the bean back together.
裁缝心肠很好,拿出一根针和线,把豆子缝了起来。
A line where two pieces of cloth are sewn together.
(衣物的)接缝;缝合线。
Since that time all beans have had a black seam.
从那以后,所有的豆子身上都长着一条黑色的缝。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
遇事沉着、小心谨慎的人往往能平安渡过难关,鲁莽冒失却容易招来祸事;而万物的模样背后,也藏着人们的好奇与想象。
教育价值
带孩子认识'由来故事'这一有趣体裁,激发他对自然细节的观察与好奇;通过煤炭与豆子的对照,体会沉稳和鲁莽的差别。
家长共读提示
读完后和孩子一起找一颗真豆子,观察那条黑缝,再鼓励他为身边另一样东西(比如'斑马为什么有条纹')编一个自己的'由来故事'。
和孩子聊一聊
- 稻草、煤炭和豆子本来毫不相干,却成了好伙伴。你觉得是什么让它们走到了一起?
- 煤炭性子急、冒冒失失,豆子却小心谨慎。这两种性格,最后带来了怎样不同的结果?
- 故事说豆子身上的黑线,是裁缝用黑线缝出来的。你还听过哪些'为什么某样东西长成这样'的说法?
- 如果你是那颗豆子,看到伙伴掉进水里,你会忍不住笑,还是会难过?
- 找一颗真正的豆子看看它的'黑点'——你觉得古人为什么要用一个故事来解释它?


