唱歌的白骨
导读
'唱歌的白骨'是世界民间传说里最令人难忘的意象之一:用被害者的骨头做成的乐器,一吹响,就会自己唱出凶案的真相(民间故事学里叫 ATU 780 型)。这个母题流传极广——著名的苏格兰古谣《两姐妹》里,也有一把用溺死女孩的骨头做成的竖琴,自己唱出了谁是凶手。它和本站《牧鹅姑娘》里那颗'被砍下头颅仍不断说出真相'的神马法拉达,讲的是同一个古老信念:真相压不住,哪怕当事人已经死去,它也会开口。故事本身黑白分明:心地纯洁的弟弟,正因为'心地纯良'才得到了小矮人的神矛、杀死了野猪;而狡诈嫉妒的哥哥却因贪图功劳和公主,把弟弟害死埋在桥下。多年后,一块小小的白骨让一切真相大白。读的时候可以和孩子聊聊:为什么故事里'纯洁的心'反而得到了帮助?以及——就算没有会唱歌的骨头,做了坏事,真的能一直瞒下去吗?(提示家长:本篇有谋杀、处决情节,可侧重'正义终会伸张'来讲。)
《唱歌的白骨》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇,附中英释义与原文例句,帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Loud crying or expression of grief.
悲叹;哀号;痛哭。
In a certain country there was once great lamentation over a wild boar that laid waste the farmer's fields.
从前,在某个国家,有一头野猪肆虐农田,全国上下为此哀声载道。
A wild pig.
野猪。
A wild boar that laid waste the farmer's fields, killed the cattle, and ripped up people's bodies with his tusks.
一头野猪肆虐农田、残杀牲口,还用獠牙撕裂人的身体。
Something that causes great trouble or harm to many; a scourge.
祸害;灾祸;瘟疫。
The King promised a large reward to anyone who would free the land from this plague.
国王许下重金,悬赏能为民除掉这个祸害的人。
Dangerous; full of risk.
危险的;冒险的。
Two brothers, sons of a poor man, declared themselves willing to undertake the hazardous enterprise.
两兄弟,是一个穷人的儿子,表示愿意承担这项危险的任务。
Clever at judging situations, especially to one's own advantage.
精明的;机敏的。
The elder, who was crafty and shrewd, out of pride.
哥哥狡诈精明,出于傲慢而应征。
Free from guile or wickedness; pure and simple-hearted.
天真的;纯真的;无邪的。
The younger, who was innocent and simple, from a kind heart.
弟弟天真纯朴,出于善良而前往。
A weapon with a long pole and a sharp pointed end.
矛;长枪。
He held in his hand a black spear and said, I give you this spear because your heart is pure and good.
他手里拿着一支黑色的矛说:'我把这支矛送给你,因为你的心纯洁而善良。'
In a brave, confident way.
大胆地;勇敢地。
With this you can boldly attack the wild boar, and it will do you no harm.
有了它,你可以大胆地攻击野猪,它伤害不了你。
Wanting what someone else has; full of jealousy.
嫉妒的;羡慕的。
When he saw his young brother coming out of the wood laden with his booty, his envious, evil heart gave him no peace.
当他看到弟弟背着猎物从森林里走出来时,他那嫉妒阴险的心便不得安宁。
Valuable things won or taken, especially in hunting or war.
战利品;掠夺物;(此处)猎获物。
He saw his young brother coming out of the wood laden with his booty.
他看到弟弟背着猎物从森林里走出来。
Climbed with difficulty, using hands and feet.
(吃力地)爬;攀爬。
He clambered down, picked it up, and cut out of it a mouth-piece for his horn.
他爬下去捡起它,为他的号角削了一个吹嘴。
The frame of bones that supports a body.
骨骼;骸骨;骨架。
The King caused the ground below the bridge to be dug up, and then the whole skeleton of the murdered man came to light.
国王下令挖掘桥下的土地,于是那个被害人的完整骨骸显露了出来。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
纯洁善良会得到相助,而贪婪与背叛终将败露——真相压不住,正义或许会迟到,但不会缺席。
教育价值
引导孩子珍视善良与诚实,认识嫉妒的危害,并理解'纸包不住火'、正义终将到来的道理。
家长共读提示
可以和本站《牧鹅姑娘》对照读——两篇都有'死者仍能说出真相'的情节。本篇有谋杀、处决,建议侧重'正义终会伸张'。
和孩子聊一聊
- 小矮人把神矛送给弟弟,说是因为他'心地纯洁善良'。为什么故事偏偏让'纯洁的心'得到帮助?
- 哥哥害死弟弟、抢了功劳,本以为神不知鬼不觉。你觉得做了坏事,真的能一直瞒下去吗?
- 揭开真相的,是一块小小的、会唱歌的骨头。这个'骨头开口'的情节,让你想到了本站哪个故事(提示:一匹马)?
- 哥哥又'狡诈精明',弟弟又'天真纯朴'。'聪明'一定比'善良'更占便宜吗?


