幸运的汉斯
导读
这个故事在民俗学里属于'汉斯交好运'类型（国际分类 ATU 1415），格林兄弟收录为《儿童与家庭童话集》第 83 篇。它在整本格林童话里很特别：没有魔法、没有巫婆、没有反派，从头到尾只是一个憨厚的年轻人在回家路上一次次'越换越亏'的买卖。正因为如此，几百年来人们对它的解读一直分成两派：一派说汉斯是十足的傻瓜，把一块金子换到最后两手空空；另一派说他才是真正的智者，懂得放下负担、随遇而安。故事结尾汉斯说自己'一定是生下来就罩着好运'，原文用的是 'born with a caul'（出生时带着胎膜）和 'Sunday-child'——这是欧洲古老的民间信仰：婴儿出生时如果包着一层胎膜，或在星期天出生，一辈子都会有好运。读这个故事时，不妨先别急着告诉孩子'汉斯很傻'，让他自己去体会：轻松上路的汉斯，和背着沉甸甸金子的汉斯，究竟谁更快乐？
《幸运的汉斯》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇，附中英释义与原文例句，帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Money that is paid regularly to someone for the work they do.
工钱；工资（尤指按时或按活计发放的报酬）。
Master, my time is up; now I should be glad to go back home to my mother; give me my wages.
主人，我的期限到了；现在我想回家看望母亲，请把我的工钱结给我吧。
In a loyal way; doing what you should and keeping your promises.
忠实地；忠诚可靠地。
You have served me faithfully and honestly; as the service was so shall the reward be.
你侍奉我也算忠诚老实；既然服务得好，报酬也该如此。
(Of a horse) moving at a steady pace, faster than walking but slower than running.
（马）小跑；快步慢跑。
He saw a horseman trotting quickly and merrily by on a lively horse.
他看见一个骑马的人骑着一匹活泼的马，轻快而愉快地小跑着经过。
The set of leather straps put on a horse's head to control it.
马笼头；缰辔（套在马头上用来驾驭马的皮带）。
The rider got down, took the gold, and helped Hans up; then gave him the bridle tight in his hands.
骑手下了马，接过金子，扶汉斯上去；然后把缰绳紧紧地塞在他手里。
Annoyed, worried, or upset about something.
恼火的；烦恼的；心烦意乱的。
Hans got his limbs together and stood up on his legs again, but he was vexed.
汉斯聚拢四肢，重新站了起来，但他很恼火。
A deal or agreement in which people exchange goods or services.
交易；买卖；成交的约定。
Hans drove his cow quietly before him, and thought over his lucky bargain.
汉斯赶着他的牛安安静静地向前走，回味着这笔幸运的交易。
(Of weather) unpleasantly hot and heavy, making you uncomfortable.
（天气）闷热难耐的；令人窒息的。
As it drew nearer mid-day, the heat was more oppressive.
临近中午，热气变得更加逼人。
Moving or doing things in an awkward way, often dropping or breaking things.
笨拙的；手脚不灵活的。
And as he set himself to work in a clumsy way, the impatient beast at last gave him such a blow on his head.
而且由于他笨手笨脚地摆弄，那不耐烦的畜生最后用后蹄在他头上狠狠踢了一脚。
In a way that shows you do not trust someone or think something may be wrong.
怀疑地；带着不信任的神情。
Meanwhile the lad looked suspiciously from one side to the other, and shook his head.
此时，那少年怀疑地左顾右盼，摇了摇头。
Very frightened; filled with fear.
非常害怕的；惊恐万分的。
The good Hans was terrified.
善良的汉斯吓坏了。
Happy and satisfied with what you have.
心满意足的；知足的。
Hans loaded himself with the stones, and went on with a contented heart.
汉斯背起石头，怀着满足的心情继续赶路。
A heavy load to carry; also something difficult or worrying you have to deal with.
负担；重担（既指沉重的东西，也指令人操心的事）。
With a light heart and free from every burden he now ran on until he was with his mother at home.
现在，他心情轻松，卸下了一切负担，一路跑回了家，回到了母亲身边。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
真正的幸福不在于拥有多少，而在于内心的知足与轻松；但故事也留给读者另一种读法——不谙世事的人，可能正在一点点失去自己的财富。
教育价值
引导孩子思考财富与快乐的关系，培养知足心态；同时锻炼辩证思考——同一个故事既可读作'愚蠢地把金子换成石头'，也可读作'豁达地放下所有负担'。
家长共读提示
和孩子讨论：汉斯到底是傻，还是想得开？这个问题没有标准答案，鼓励孩子说出自己的理由，比记住'寓意'更重要。
和孩子聊一聊
- 汉斯每换一次都好像越换越亏，可他每次都更开心。你觉得他到底是傻，还是想得开？
- 这个故事里没有坏人，也没有魔法。为什么一个'什么都失去了'的人，结尾却觉得自己是世界上最幸运的人？
- 如果是你拿到一块和脑袋一样大的金子，你会怎么做？
- '快乐'和'拥有很多东西'，是同一件事吗？能举一个你自己的例子吗？
- 汉斯最后两手空空，反而觉得如释重负。你有没有放下某样'负担'之后，反而更轻松的经历？
