幸运的汉斯
导读
这个故事在民俗学里属于'汉斯交好运'类型(国际分类 ATU 1415),格林兄弟收录为《儿童与家庭童话集》第 83 篇。它在整本格林童话里很特别:没有魔法、没有巫婆、没有反派,从头到尾只是一个憨厚的年轻人在回家路上一次次'越换越亏'的买卖。正因为如此,几百年来人们对它的解读一直分成两派:一派说汉斯是十足的傻瓜,把一块金子换到最后两手空空;另一派说他才是真正的智者,懂得放下负担、随遇而安。故事结尾汉斯说自己'一定是生下来就罩着好运',原文用的是 'born with a caul'(出生时带着胎膜)和 'Sunday-child'——这是欧洲古老的民间信仰:婴儿出生时如果包着一层胎膜,或在星期天出生,一辈子都会有好运。读这个故事时,不妨先别急着告诉孩子'汉斯很傻',让他自己去体会:轻松上路的汉斯,和背着沉甸甸金子的汉斯,究竟谁更快乐?





《幸运的汉斯》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇,附中英释义与原文例句,帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Money paid for work done.
工钱;工资。
"I should be glad to go home to my mother now. Give me my wages."
"我想回家去看我母亲了。把工钱结给我吧。"
In a loyal and reliable way.
忠实地。
— "You have served me faithfully and honestly," the master answered, "and the reward shall match the service."
——"你伺候我一向忠厚老实,"主人答道,"活儿做得怎样,酬劳就该怎样。"
Walked slowly with heavy steps.
沉重地行走;一步步挪。
As he plodded along, one foot after the other, a horseman came trotting past on a lively horse, looking merry and comfortable.
他一步一步往前挪,这时一个骑马的人从旁边小跑而过,胯下的马神气十足,那人看着又快活又自在。
The straps used to control a horse.
缰绳。
The rider got down, took the gold and helped Hans up, putting the reins firmly into his hands.
骑马的下了马,接过金子,扶汉斯上去,把缰绳牢牢塞进他手里。
A horse's pace between walking and running.
小跑。
The horse broke into a sharp trot, and before Hans knew what was happening he was thrown off and lying in the ditch between the field and the highway.
那马撒开蹄子小跑起来,汉斯还没回过神,就被甩了出去,摔进了田地和大路之间的沟里。
A deal in which something is exchanged.
买卖;交易。
Hans drove his cow quietly along and turned his lucky bargain over in his mind.
汉斯不紧不慢地赶着牛,心里盘算这笔好买卖。
A wide open area of rough, high ground.
荒野;旷野。
As midday came on, the heat grew heavier, and Hans found himself on a moor that took a good hour to cross.
临近正午,暑气越发闷人,汉斯走上一片荒野,横穿过去要足足一个钟头。
Dried up and lifeless.
枯萎的。
He tied her to a withered tree, and since he had no pail he put his leather cap underneath.
他把牛拴在一棵枯树上,手边没有桶,就把自己的皮帽子放在下面接着。
In an awkward way, without skill.
笨手笨脚地。
He went about it clumsily, and at last the impatient animal gave him such a kick on the head with her hind foot that he fell to the ground and lay a long while without knowing where he was.
他动作又笨,那头牛终于不耐烦了,后蹄照着他脑袋狠狠一踢,他倒在地上,好半天不知道自己身在何处。
In a way that shows you do not trust something.
疑神疑鬼地。
Meanwhile the lad was glancing suspiciously from side to side and shaking his head.
这工夫,小伙子的眼睛不住地左右瞟,还摇了摇头。
A round stone turned to sharpen blades.
磨石;砂轮。
"Nothing is needed for it but a grindstone; the rest follows of itself."
"这行当别的什么都不用,只要一块磨石,其余自然就有了。"
A heavy load, or a worry that weighs on you.
重负;负担。
And with a light heart, free of every burden, he ran on until he was at home with his mother.
他心里轻快,浑身没了负担,一路跑回家,回到了母亲身边。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
真正的幸福不在于拥有多少,而在于内心的知足与轻松;但故事也留给读者另一种读法——不谙世事的人,可能正在一点点失去自己的财富。
教育价值
引导孩子思考财富与快乐的关系,培养知足心态;同时锻炼辩证思考——同一个故事既可读作'愚蠢地把金子换成石头',也可读作'豁达地放下所有负担'。
家长共读提示
和孩子讨论:汉斯到底是傻,还是想得开?这个问题没有标准答案,鼓励孩子说出自己的理由,比记住'寓意'更重要。
和孩子聊一聊
- 汉斯每换一次都好像越换越亏,可他每次都更开心。你觉得他到底是傻,还是想得开?
- 这个故事里没有坏人,也没有魔法。为什么一个'什么都失去了'的人,结尾却觉得自己是世界上最幸运的人?
- 如果是你拿到一块和脑袋一样大的金子,你会怎么做?
- '快乐'和'拥有很多东西',是同一件事吗?能举一个你自己的例子吗?
- 汉斯最后两手空空,反而觉得如释重负。你有没有放下某样'负担'之后,反而更轻松的经历?


