驴与卷心菜
导读
这个故事其实是把两个非常古老的'魔法'母题缝在了一起。前半段——吞下神鸟的心，每天早上枕头下就变出一枚金币，加上一件'一想就到'的许愿斗篷——属于民俗学家所说的 ATU 567（魔法鸟心）；后半段——吃了一种菜变成驴、吃另一种又变回人——则是 ATU 566（会变形的奇异果实）。这类'许愿斗篷＋取之不尽的财富'的宝物，最有名的出处是中世纪欧洲的通俗传奇《福尔图纳图斯》（许愿帽＋聚宝钱袋），在《一千零一夜》里也能找到。而'用魔法食物把背叛者变成动物'这一招，更是古老：荷马史诗《奥德赛》里，女巫喀耳刻正是用魔法食物把奥德修斯的船员变成了猪——这里换成了卷心菜把人变成驴。值得和孩子留意的是，猎人的复仇并不是一味狠毒：他给三个害他的人分别定了轻重不同的惩罚，唯独不忍心打那个他仍爱着的女孩，最后甚至选择了原谅。老故事在痛快的'恶有恶报'之外，也悄悄留了一扇通向宽恕的门。
《驴与卷心菜》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇，附中英释义与原文例句，帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
An ugly or unpleasant old woman (a literary word).
（文学用语）丑陋的老太婆；老妪。
As he was going thither, whistling upon a leaf, an ugly old crone came up.
当他一边走一边用叶子吹着口哨时，一位丑陋的老太婆走了过来。
Money, food, or gifts given to poor people.
施舍物；救济品。
I am suffering from hunger and thirst, do give me an alms.
我又饥又渴，行行好，给我一点施舍吧。
A strong feeling of sympathy for others' suffering and a wish to help.
同情；怜悯（并想帮助）。
The huntsman had compassion on the poor old creature, felt in his pocket, and gave her what he could afford.
猎人怜悯这个可怜的老人，便伸手进口袋，把他能给的都给了她。
A very short moment (as in 'the twinkling of an eye', an instant).
一瞬间；眨眼间。
You only have to wish to be in a certain place, and you will be there in the twinkling of an eye.
只要许愿想去某个地方，眨眼间你就会到达那里。
Predicted or told what would happen in the future.
预言；预告（将要发生的事）。
This is wonderful, it has really come to pass just as the old wife foretold!
这太奇妙了，真的就像那位老妇人预言的一样发生了！
Wanting more of something (food, money) than you need.
贪婪的；贪吃的。
When the old woman heard of the exquisite salad, she was greedy.
女巫听说有这种绝妙的沙拉，变得贪婪起来。
(Of a plant) to dry up and shrink.
（植物）枯萎；凋谢。
The heat of the sun is so intense that the delicate cabbage threatens to wither.
阳光太强烈了，这娇嫩的卷心菜快要枯萎了。
Betrayal of someone who trusts you.
背叛；背信弃义。
He perceived that his sweetheart had betrayed him, and said, "Oh, what treachery there is in the world!"
他发觉心上人背叛了他，说道：'啊，世上竟有如此背信弃义之事！'
Shining with a sparkling, reflected light.
闪光；闪耀（反射的光泽）。
Precious stones were glistening on every side so that it was a joy to see them.
四周到处都是闪闪发光的宝石，看着真让人高兴。
Hurt someone who trusts you by breaking their trust.
背叛；辜负（信任）。
He awoke, and perceived that his sweetheart had betrayed him, and left him alone on the wild mountain.
他醒来，发觉心上人背叛了他，把他独自留在了荒山上。
A feeling of sadness and sympathy for someone's suffering.
怜悯；同情。
The huntsman was moved to pity, put away his anger, and told the miller to drive them back again.
猎人动了恻隐之心，消了气，叫磨坊主把它们赶回来。
Great eagerness and enjoyment.
热情；津津有味；强烈的兴致。
As the juicy leaves were suitable to his present nature, he went on eating with great zest.
多汁的叶子正合他现在的胃口，于是他津津有味地继续吃。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
善待陌生人会带来意想不到的回报；但贪婪和虚情假意最终会自食其果。当猎人有机会报复时，他给了每个人不同分量的惩罚，最后还选择了原谅——真正的强大，不在于报复得多狠，而在于懂得何时收手。
教育价值
帮助孩子理解善良、警惕与宽恕：善意值得，但不能因迷恋而失去判断；受了欺骗可以讨回公道，而'适可而止、给人改过的机会'则是更高的品格。
家长共读提示
可以和孩子讨论：猎人为什么会被漂亮女孩骗得团团转？他把女巫、女仆、少女分别罚以'三打一喂、一打三喂、只喂不打'，你觉得公平吗？最后他选择原谅少女，这个结局你满意吗？也可以聊聊'贪心'在故事里是怎么一步步把人害了的。
和孩子聊一聊
- 猎人只是给了讨饭的老太婆一点施舍，就得到了神奇的报答。你觉得他当时是图回报才帮忙的吗？善良需要理由吗？
- 他明知不该，却因为喜欢那个漂亮女孩，一步步被骗走了鸟心和斗篷。喜欢一个人，会让人失去判断力吗？
- 猎人把三个害他的人罚得轻重不同，还不舍得打那个女孩。你觉得这样的惩罚公平吗？换作是你会怎么分？
- 女巫喀耳刻用魔法食物把人变成猪，这个故事用卷心菜把人变成驴。'变成动物'这种惩罚，为什么在老故事里那么常见？
- 最后猎人原谅了女孩，还娶了她。如果是你，你会原谅一个曾经背叛过你、但说是被逼的人吗？
