快乐老兄
导读
在格林童话里有一类特别的'宗教传奇'——圣彼得乔装成乞丐或退伍兵,走在人间的路上,一路考验、点化他遇到的人(这一整类故事编号在 ATU 750 到 785 之间)。《快乐老兄》把两个这样的笑话串在了一起。前半段是 ATU 785'谁吃了羊心':同伴偷偷把羊心吃了还死不承认,圣彼得便用'把金子分成三堆、留一堆给吃羊心的人'的妙计,逼他不打自招。后半段则是 ATU 330'士兵智斗魔鬼':他用圣彼得赐的魔法背包捉住恶魔、闯荡天下,最后地狱怕他、天堂拒他,他索性把背包递进天门,许愿'让我钻进背包里',就这样赖进了天堂——这个'连天堂都要靠耍小聪明混进去'的结尾,和本站《天堂里的裁缝》异曲同工。这个故事最好玩的地方,是它的主人公快乐老兄:慷慨又贪嘴,善良又爱撒谎,是个让人又好气又好笑的'可爱的无赖'。格林兄弟保留了许多这样带着市井烟火气、对神圣也敢开玩笑的老故事——它笑的不是善恶,而是我们每个人身上都有的那点小毛病。
《快乐老兄》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇,附中英释义与原文例句,帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Officially released from duty, especially from the army.
(从军队等)解除职务;遣散;退伍。
When it came to an end, many soldiers were discharged.
当战争结束时,许多士兵退伍了。
A person who lives by asking others for money or food.
乞丐。
St. Peter had placed himself in his way in the shape of a poor beggar.
圣彼得化身为一个可怜的乞丐挡在他的路上。
A shaped mass of bread baked in one piece.
一条(一个)面包。
He divided the loaf into four parts, and gave the apostle one of them.
他把面包分成四份,给了使徒一份。
Pushed someone gently, usually with the elbow, to get their attention.
(用胳膊肘)轻推;捅(以引起注意)。
Brother Lustig, however, nudged St. Peter, and said, "Take something; we are in need of it."
快乐老兄用胳膊肘推了推圣彼得,说:'收下点什么吧;我们确实很需要。'
Cleverness in getting what one wants, especially by tricks.
狡猾;诡计;机灵。
By hints and cunning, he contrived to make the King order his knapsack to be filled with gold.
通过暗示和狡猾的手段,他设法让国王命令把他的背包装满金子。
To admit that you have done something wrong.
承认;坦白;供认。
Then wilt thou confess that thou hast eaten the lamb's heart?
那你肯承认你吃了羊心吗?
One of the twelve chief followers whom Jesus sent out to spread his teaching.
使徒(耶稣派出传教的十二门徒之一)。
He divided the loaf into four parts, and gave the apostle one of them.
他把面包分成四份,给了使徒一份。
A soothing ointment used to heal wounds or skin.
药膏;油膏。
He took a salve out of his pocket, and healed the sick man in a moment.
他从口袋里拿出一种药膏,瞬间治好了病人。
Wasted money or resources carelessly.
挥霍;浪费(金钱等)。
He had money enough, but did not know how to manage it, squandered it, gave it away.
他有了足够的钱,却不知道如何理财,挥霍无度,把它送人。
To give something, especially as a gift or honour.
授予;赐予;给予。
I will bestow on thy knapsack this property, that whatsoever thou wishest to have inside it, shall be there.
我赐予你的背包这种属性,即无论你希望里面有什么,它就会在那里。
A person who lives alone, usually for religious reasons.
隐士;(尤指出于宗教原因)独居的人。
He went to a hermit who was known to be a pious man.
他去找一位以虔诚闻名的隐士。
The arms and legs of a person or animal.
四肢;肢体。
Then he cut off all the dead girl's limbs, and threw them in the water.
然后他切下死去女孩的所有肢体,扔进水里。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
快乐老兄慷慨、乐天,却也贪嘴、爱撒谎、守不住钱——他既不是坏人,也算不上好榜样。这个故事不急着教训谁,而是笑眯眯地把一个有血有肉、缺点满满的普通人摆在你面前,让你自己去琢磨:一个人可以既可爱又不完美。
教育价值
适合和孩子讨论诚实(那颗撒谎吃掉的羊心)、贪婪(怎么也存不住钱)与善良(总把东西分给别人)如何在同一个人身上并存;也是了解'圣彼得行走人间'这类西方民间传奇的有趣入口。
家长共读提示
这是一篇轻松的'流浪汉喜剧',不必太较真。可以和孩子笑着聊:快乐老兄明明偷吃了羊心,为什么死活不认?圣彼得'一手给、一手收'到底想教他什么?结尾他把自己许愿进背包、赖在天堂里——你觉得他这算不算耍赖?(注:圣彼得煮公主的骨头使其复活等情节较奇诡,当作老故事的想象即可。)
和孩子聊一聊
- 快乐老兄明明把羊心吃了,却一口咬定'羊没有心'。圣彼得最后用'分三堆金子'的办法让他自己招了。你觉得这个办法妙在哪里?
- 圣彼得给了快乐老兄很多次好处,又一次次不让他要报酬。他到底想教快乐老兄什么?
- 快乐老兄有很多缺点——贪嘴、撒谎、存不住钱,但他也很慷慨,总把东西分给别人。他到底算好人还是坏人?
- 他把恶魔装进背包让铁匠猛敲,又靠背包混进了天堂。'聪明'和'耍赖'之间,界线在哪里?
- 如果给你一个'想要什么、里面就有什么'的魔法背包,你会用它做什么?


