快乐老兄
导读
在格林童话里有一类特别的'宗教传奇'——圣彼得乔装成乞丐或退伍兵,走在人间的路上,一路考验、点化他遇到的人(这一整类故事编号在 ATU 750 到 785 之间)。《快乐老兄》把两个这样的笑话串在了一起。前半段是 ATU 785'谁吃了羊心':同伴偷偷把羊心吃了还死不承认,圣彼得便用'把金子分成三堆、留一堆给吃羊心的人'的妙计,逼他不打自招。后半段则是 ATU 330'士兵智斗魔鬼':他用圣彼得赐的魔法背包捉住恶魔、闯荡天下,最后地狱怕他、天堂拒他,他索性把背包递进天门,许愿'让我钻进背包里',就这样赖进了天堂——这个'连天堂都要靠耍小聪明混进去'的结尾,和本站《天堂里的裁缝》异曲同工。这个故事最好玩的地方,是它的主人公快乐老兄:慷慨又贪嘴,善良又爱撒谎,是个让人又好气又好笑的'可爱的无赖'。格林兄弟保留了许多这样带着市井烟火气、对神圣也敢开玩笑的老故事——它笑的不是善恶,而是我们每个人身上都有的那点小毛病。





《快乐老兄》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇,附中英释义与原文例句,帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
Official release from the army.
退伍;退伍文书。
Brother Lustig got his discharge along with the rest, and with it nothing but a small army loaf and four kreuzers in coin; and off he went.
快乐老兄也跟着领了退伍文书,除此之外只得了一小块军粮面包和四个克罗采钱币,就这么上了路。
Money or food given to poor people.
施舍。
Now Saint Peter had put himself in the road as a poor beggar, and when Brother Lustig came up he asked him for alms.
圣彼得扮成个穷叫花子挡在路上,快乐老兄走近时,他向他讨钱。
One of the twelve followers Jesus sent out to teach.
使徒。
So he broke the loaf into four, gave the apostle one piece and a kreuzer with it.
他把面包掰成四份,分给这位使徒一份,又给了一个克罗采。
An ointment rubbed on the skin to heal it.
药膏。
He took a salve out of his pocket, and in a moment the sick man was healed and could get up, in perfect health.
他从兜里取出一盒药膏,转眼就把病人治愈,那人爬起身来,一点毛病也没有了。
Pushed someone gently with the elbow.
用胳膊肘轻推。
Brother Lustig, though, nudged Saint Peter and said, "Take something.
快乐老兄却捅了捅圣彼得:"收下点儿吧。
A bag carried on the back.
背囊。
— "What I cannot eat now I shall carry off in my knapsack," said Brother Lustig; and he ate half the lamb and packed the rest away.
——"眼下吃不完的,我装进背囊带走,"快乐老兄说;他吃了半只羊羔,剩下的收进了囊里。
Wasted money foolishly.
挥霍。
He had money enough now, but he had no notion how to handle it; he threw it about and gave it away, and after a while he had nothing again.
他这会儿钱是够了,却不会打理,胡花乱撒、随手送人,过了一阵子又两手空空。
People who give official advice to a ruler.
大臣;参议。
But he had no faith in him, and consulted his councillors first; and they said he might as well let him try, since his daughter was dead in any case.
可他心里没底,先去问计于大臣;大臣们说,反正女儿已经死了,不妨让他试一试。
Trained workers travelling in search of work.
出师的手艺人。
He was in the middle of his meal when two journeymen came up and looked with hungry eyes at the second goose, which he had not yet touched.
他正吃到一半,来了两个手艺人,饿着眼盯住他还没动过的第二只鹅。
A place to stay for a time.
住处;借宿。
At the inn he asked to be put up for the night, and the landlord turned him away.
他到客店里说要借宿一晚,店主却把他撵出来。
Extremely ugly.
丑陋可怖的。
But the devils pressed nearer and nearer, and all but trod on his face with their hideous feet.
可这些魔鬼越挤越近,那几只丑脚差点踩上他的脸。
Someone who lives alone for religious reasons.
隐士。
But at last he grew old and began to think of his end; so he went to a hermit who was known for a pious man, and said to him, "I am tired of wandering, and I want now to live in such a way that I shall get into the kingdom of Heaven."
可他终于老了,开始想到自己的归宿;于是他去见一位以虔诚闻名的隐士,对他说:"我漂泊够了,如今想过一种日子,好让我进天国去。"
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
快乐老兄慷慨、乐天,却也贪嘴、爱撒谎、守不住钱——他既不是坏人,也算不上好榜样。这个故事不急着教训谁,而是笑眯眯地把一个有血有肉、缺点满满的普通人摆在你面前,让你自己去琢磨:一个人可以既可爱又不完美。
教育价值
适合和孩子讨论诚实(那颗撒谎吃掉的羊心)、贪婪(怎么也存不住钱)与善良(总把东西分给别人)如何在同一个人身上并存;也是了解'圣彼得行走人间'这类西方民间传奇的有趣入口。
家长共读提示
这是一篇轻松的'流浪汉喜剧',不必太较真。可以和孩子笑着聊:快乐老兄明明偷吃了羊心,为什么死活不认?圣彼得'一手给、一手收'到底想教他什么?结尾他把自己许愿进背包、赖在天堂里——你觉得他这算不算耍赖?(注:圣彼得煮公主的骨头使其复活等情节较奇诡,当作老故事的想象即可。)
和孩子聊一聊
- 快乐老兄明明把羊心吃了,却一口咬定'羊没有心'。圣彼得最后用'分三堆金子'的办法让他自己招了。你觉得这个办法妙在哪里?
- 圣彼得给了快乐老兄很多次好处,又一次次不让他要报酬。他到底想教快乐老兄什么?
- 快乐老兄有很多缺点——贪嘴、撒谎、存不住钱,但他也很慷慨,总把东西分给别人。他到底算好人还是坏人?
- 他把恶魔装进背包让铁匠猛敲,又靠背包混进了天堂。'聪明'和'耍赖'之间,界线在哪里?
- 如果给你一个'想要什么、里面就有什么'的魔法背包,你会用它做什么?


