小哥哥和小姐姐
导读
这是格林童话里最温柔、也最感人的'手足之情'故事之一（民间故事学里叫 ATU 450 型）。它和本站的《糖果屋》《六只天鹅》《七只乌鸦》一样，都在讲同一件事：在最艰难的时刻，兄弟姐妹之间的相互守护，比什么魔法都强大。故事里有一个耐人寻味的细节：哥哥又渴又急，一连经过三条被下了咒的小溪——喝第一条会变老虎，第二条变狼，第三条变小鹿。妹妹一次次拦住他，他也一次次忍住；可当渴到极点时，他终究没能等到安全的水源，喝下了第三条溪水，变成了一只小鹿。这是一个关于'冲动'与'忍耐'的小小寓言。故事后半段最动人的，是那位被害的王后化作魂灵，一连几夜悄悄回来给婴儿喂奶、抚摸小鹿——母爱和亲情，仿佛连死亡都挡不住。（提示家长：本篇有谋杀、火刑等情节，建议侧重'爱与守护'的主题来讲。）读的时候可以和孩子聊聊：哥哥明知道有危险，为什么还是没忍住？
《小哥哥和小姐姐》词汇精讲
本故事精选 12 个重点词汇，附中英释义与原文例句，帮助孩子扩展英语词汇量。
The hard outer parts of bread.
面包皮；硬皮。
We have nothing to eat but hard crusts of bread left over.
我们除了硬邦邦的面包皮什么也没得吃。
Very tired.
疲惫的；困乏的。
They were so weary with hunger and their long journey, that they climbed up into a high tree and fell asleep.
因为长途跋涉又饿又累，他们爬上一棵高树睡着了。
Small, smooth, round stones.
鹅卵石；小圆石。
When they found a little stream flowing smoothly over its pebbles, the brother was going to drink of it.
当他们找到一条流淌着鹅卵石的小溪时，哥哥正要喝水。
Held back from doing something; stopped oneself.
忍住；克制；抑制。
So the brother refrained from drinking, though his thirst was great.
哥哥忍住没喝，虽然他渴极了。
A young deer.
小鹿；幼鹿。
But he had already kneeled by the side of the brook and stooped and drunk of the water, and as the first drops passed his lips he became a fawn.
但他已经跪在溪边俯身喝了水，第一滴水刚碰到他的嘴唇，他就变成了一只小鹿。
Tall grass-like plants that grow near water.
灯心草；蔺草（生于水边的草本植物）。
She went and gathered rushes to make a soft cord, which she fastened to him.
她拔了一些灯心草编成一根软绳，拴在小鹿身上。
Playing and jumping about in a happy, lively way.
欢快地嬉戏；蹦跳玩耍。
Fresh grass for the fawn, who ate out of her hand with joy, frolicking round her.
小鹿高兴地从她手里吃草，在她身边欢快地跳跃。
A soft, low green plant that grows on damp ground and stones.
苔藓；青苔。
She fetched leaves and moss to make a soft bed for the fawn.
她找来树叶和苔藓，给小鹿铺了一张软床。
To walk unevenly because one leg or foot is hurt.
跛行；一瘸一拐地走。
One of them wounded his foot a little, so that he was obliged to limp and to go slowly.
其中一人弄伤了他的一点脚，使他不得不瘸着腿慢慢走。
An unhappy or angry feeling about someone else's good fortune.
嫉妒；妒忌。
When she heard that they were so happy, jealousy and envy arose in her heart, and left her no peace.
当她听说他们如此幸福时，嫉妒和怨恨在她心中升起，让她不得安宁。
To die, or make someone die, from lack of air.
（使）窒息；闷死。
In the bath-room they had made a great fire, so as to suffocate the beautiful young Queen.
浴室里生着熊熊大火，为的是把美丽的年轻王后闷死。
A small bed for a baby, often able to rock.
摇篮。
The nurse, who was sitting by the cradle in the nursery and watching there alone, saw the door open.
保姆独自坐在婴儿室的摇篮旁守夜，看到门开了。
延伸阅读与亲子共读
故事寓意
手足之爱与忠诚能穿越苦难与生死；一时的冲动虽难免，但爱与守护终会带来团圆。
教育价值
帮助孩子体会手足亲情与忠诚，理解冲动与自制，并在温柔的结局中获得安全感。
家长共读提示
本篇有谋杀、火刑等情节，建议侧重'爱与守护'来讲。可以和本站《糖果屋》《六只天鹅》对照，聊聊'兄弟姐妹之间的守护'。
和孩子聊一聊
- 哥哥明明听到了警告，也知道会变成小鹿，为什么最后还是没忍住喝了水？
- 妹妹说'我永远不会离开你'，并且真的做到了。你为你的兄弟姐妹或好朋友，做过什么'说到做到'的事吗？
- 被害的王后变成魂灵，还是每晚回来照顾孩子和小鹿。你觉得是什么让她连死亡都放不下？
- 面对很想要、却可能有危险的东西（比如很渴时的一口凉水），怎样才能像故事希望的那样'再等一等'？
